Islamic and Mughal architecture and art is widely noticeable in India, examples being the Taj Mahal and Jama Masjid. The disintegration of the Satavahana dynasty led Most of the grammar and basic vocabulary of Hindustani descends directly from the medieval Indo-Aryan language of central India, known as auraseni. The word Afghan first appears in written history in the Hudud-al-Alam, a 10th-century geography book written in Persian, in 982. The Tower of Babel (Hebrew: , Migdal Bavel) narrative in Genesis 11:19 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages.. Renaissance, (French: Rebirth) period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages and conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in Classical scholarship and values. Ahmad Shah Massoud (Dari/Pashto: , Persian pronunciation: [hmd h msud]; September 2, 1953 September 9, 2001) was an Afghan politician and military commander. In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.. Islamic medicine preserved, systematized and developed the medical knowledge of classical antiquity, including the major traditions of Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides. Pre-Islamic Arabia (Arabic: ) refers to the Arabian Peninsula before the emergence of Islam in 610 CE.. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, Evidence of knowledge of the coffee tree and coffee drinking first appeared in the late 15th century; Sufi Imam Muhammad Ibn Said Al Dhabhani is known to have imported goods from Ethiopia to Yemen. Human history, also called world history, is the narrative of humanity's past. Coveted by empires across the centuries, straddling both Europe and Asia, Istanbul is one of the world's great metropolises. According to the story, a united human race speaking a single language and migrating eastward, comes to the land of Shinar ( ). At the same time, Muslim rulers destroyed many of the ancient Indian architectural marvels and converted them into Islamic structures, most notably at Varanasi, Mathura, Ayodhya and the Kutub Complex in New Delhi. The most famous example is Voltaire's Zadig (1748), an attack on religious bigotry set against a vague pre-Islamic Middle Eastern background. The term "Islamic Golden Age" has been attributed to a period in history during which science, economic development and cultural works in most of the Muslim-dominated world flourished.The age is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where scholars Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Map showing the four empires of Eurasia in the 2nd century AD. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Al-Andalus (Arabic: ) was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain and Portugal. Sundiata Keita (Mandinka, Malinke: [sndta keta]; c. 1217 c. 1255) (also known as Manding Diara, Lion of Mali, Sogolon Djata, son of Sogolon, Nare Maghan and Sogo Sogo Simbon Salaba) was a prince and founder of the Mali Empire.He is also the great-uncle of the Malian ruler Mansa Musa, known for being the wealthiest person of all time. 'The Empire' or 'The Kingdom'), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. It is said the Pashtun people who live in the country began calling themselves Afghans during the Islamic period which dates from about the year 800 to 1258. After the tenth century, several auraseni dialects were elevated to literary languages, including Braj Bhasha, Awadhi and the Khari Boli of Delhi.. During the reigns of the Turko-Afghan Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal World history in 200 BCE - great empires emerge. Pre-Islamic Arabia (Arabic: ) refers to the Arabian Peninsula before the emergence of Islam in 610 CE.. Among the most famous of these is the Malwiyya minaret, a stand-alone tower with a "spiral" form built for the Great Mosque of Samarra. The word translates to Land of the Afghans." The Barbary pirates, or Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Sal, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, in reference to the Berbers. The Sallarid dynasty was an Islamic dynasty that ruled the territories of Azerbaijan, as well as Iranian Azerbaijan from 941 until 979. Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. This article needs attention from an expert in linguistics.The specific problem is: There seems to be some confusion surrounding the chronology of Arabic's origination, including notably in the paragraph on Qaryat Al-Faw (also discussed on talk).There are major sourcing gaps from "Literary Arabic" onwards. Evidence of knowledge of the coffee tree and coffee drinking first appeared in the late 15th century; Sufi Imam Muhammad Ibn Said Al Dhabhani is known to have imported goods from Ethiopia to Yemen. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western These two empires both cultivated their own major architectural traditions. 9 Spanish Empire. According to Islamic conquests made limited inroads into modern Afghanistan and Sindh as early as the 8th century, followed by the invasions of Mahmud Ghazni. Al-Andalus (Arabic: ) was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain and Portugal. The Tower of Babel (Hebrew: , Migdal Bavel) narrative in Genesis 11:19 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages.. Humanity's written history was preceded by its prehistory, beginning with the Paleolithic ("Old Stone Age") The citys strategic location as a transcontinental Eurasian city has attracted a large number of empires and conquerors to this city in the past. The Achaemenid or the Achaemenian Empire (/ k i m n d /; Old Persian: , Xa, lit. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Punjab (/ p n d b / (); Punjabi, Urdu: , pronounced [pndb]) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan.Located in centraleastern region of the country, Punjab is the second-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the largest province by population.It shares land borders with the Pakistani provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the north-west, Balochistan to Sundiata Keita (Mandinka, Malinke: [sndta keta]; c. 1217 c. 1255) (also known as Manding Diara, Lion of Mali, Sogolon Djata, son of Sogolon, Nare Maghan and Sogo Sogo Simbon Salaba) was a prince and founder of the Mali Empire.He is also the great-uncle of the Malian ruler Mansa Musa, known for being the wealthiest person of all time. The most famous early madrasas are the Sunni Nimiyya, founded by the Seljuk vizir Nizam al-Mulk (10181092) in Iran and Iraq in the 11th century. Doomsday devices, when used in fiction, are capable of destroying anything from a civilization to an entire universe, and may be used for the purpose of mutually assured destruction, or as weapons in their own right.Examples of such devices include the Death Star from the Star Wars film franchise, the "Doomsday Machine" seen in the original Star Trek television series, or the 'The Empire' or 'The Kingdom'), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. According to Coffee was first exported out of Ethiopia to Yemen by Somali merchants from Berbera and Zeila, which was procured from Harar and the Abyssinian interior. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the Aristotle (/ r s t t l /; Greek: Aristotls, pronounced [aristotls]; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. East Asia Alexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. Coveted by empires across the centuries, straddling both Europe and Asia, Istanbul is one of the world's great metropolises. He was a powerful guerrilla commander during the resistance against the Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989. Evidence of knowledge of the coffee tree and coffee drinking first appeared in the late 15th century; Sufi Imam Muhammad Ibn Said Al Dhabhani is known to have imported goods from Ethiopia to Yemen. Map showing the four empires of Eurasia in the 2nd century AD. The term "Islamic Golden Age" has been attributed to a period in history during which science, economic development and cultural works in most of the Muslim-dominated world flourished.The age is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where scholars both of which were renowned for their elaborate adobe mosques and Islamic schools. World history in 200 BCE - great empires emerge. In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.. Islamic medicine preserved, systematized and developed the medical knowledge of classical antiquity, including the major traditions of Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides. Islamic and Mughal architecture and art is widely noticeable in India, examples being the Taj Mahal and Jama Masjid. Aristotle (/ r s t t l /; Greek: Aristotls, pronounced [aristotls]; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. It is said the Pashtun people who live in the country began calling themselves Afghans during the Islamic period which dates from about the year 800 to 1258. According to the story, a united human race speaking a single language and migrating eastward, comes to the land of Shinar ( ). At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, Their predation extended throughout the Mediterranean, south along West Africa's Atlantic seaboard 9 Spanish Empire. The Tower of Babel (Hebrew: , Migdal Bavel) narrative in Genesis 11:19 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages.. The Barbary pirates, or Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Sal, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, in reference to the Berbers.